8bitfiles.net/archives/archives.tar/archives/compuserve-file-archive/03 Demos and Info/UNABOMBR.ARC/MANIFESTO045-087

Text File | 2019-04-13 | 30.9 KB | 536 lines

╘╚┼ ╒╬┴┬╧═┬┼╥'╙ ═┴╬╔╞┼╙╘╧ --
"╔NDUSTRIAL ╙OCIETY & ╔TS ╞UTURE".

[╨ART ╘WO OF ╙EVEN,
╨ARAGRAPHS 045-087]

╙ECTION 8: ╙╧╒╥├┼╙ ╧╞ ╙╧├╔┴╠ ╨╥╧┬╠┼═╙

045. ┴NY OF THE FOREGOING SYMPTOMS CAN OCCUR IN ANY SOCIETY, BUT IN
MODERN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY THEY ARE PRESENT ON A MASSIVE SCALE. ╫E
AREN'T THE FIRST TO MENTION THAT THE WORLD TODAY SEEMS TO BE GOING
CRAZY. ╘HIS SORT OF THING IS NOT NORMAL FOR HUMAN SOCIETIES. ╘HERE IS
GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE THAT PRIMITIVE MAN SUFFERED FROM LESS STRESS
AND FRUSTRATION AND WAS BETTER SATISFIED WITH HIS WAY OF LIFE THAN
MODERN MAN IS. ╔T IS TRUE THAT NOT ALL WAS SWEETNESS AND LIGHT IN
PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES. ┴BUSE OF WOMEN AND COMMON AMONG THE ┴USTRALIAN
ABORIGINES, TRANSEXUALITY WAS FAIRLY COMMON AMONG SOME OF THE ┴MERICAN
╔NDIAN TRIBES. ┬UT IT DOES APPEAR THAT ╟┼╬┼╥┴╠╠┘ ╙╨┼┴╦╔╬╟ THE KINDS
OF PROBLEMS THAT WE HAVE LISTED IN THE PRECEDING PARAGRAPH WERE FAR
LESS COMMON AMONG PRIMITIVE PEOPLES THAN THEY ARE IN MODERN SOCIETY.

046. ╫E ATTRIBUTE THE SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN
SOCIETY TO THE FACT THAT THAT SOCIETY REQUIRES PEOPLE TO LIVE UNDER
CONDITIONS RADICALLY DIFFERENT FROM THOSE UNDER WHICH THE HUMAN RACE
EVOLVED AND TO BEHAVE IN WAYS THAT CONFLICT WITH THE PATTERNS OF
BEHAVIOR THAT THE HUMAN RACE DEVELOPED WHILE LIVING UNDER THE EARLIER
CONDITIONS. ╔T IS CLEAR FROM WHAT WE HAVE ALREADY WRITTEN THAT WE
CONSIDER LACK OF OPPORTUNITY TO PROPERLY EXPERIENCE THE POWER PROCESS
AS THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THE ABNORMAL CONDITIONS TO WHICH MODERN
SOCIETY SUBJECTS PEOPLE. ┬UT IT IS NOT THE ONLY ONE. ┬EFORE DEALING
WITH DISRUPTION OF THE POWER PROCESS AS A SOURCE OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS
WE WILL DISCUSS SOME OF THE OTHER SOURCES.

047. ┴MONG THE ABNORMAL CONDITIONS PRESENT IN MODERN INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETY ARE EXCESSIVE DENSITY OF POPULATION, ISOLATION OF MAN FROM
NATURE, EXCESSIVE RAPIDITY OF SOCIAL CHANGE AND THE BREAKDOWN OF
NATURAL SMALL-SCALE COMMUNITIES SUCH AS THE EXTENDED FAMILY, THE
VILLAGE OR THE TRIBE.

048. ╔T IS WELL KNOWN THAT CROWDING INCREASES STRESS AND AGGRESSION.
╘HE DEGREE OF CROWDING THAT EXISTS TODAY AND THE ISOLATION OF MAN FROM
NATURE ARE CONSEQUENCES OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS. ┴LL PRE-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES WERE PREDOMINANTLY RURAL. ╘HE INDUSTRIAL ╥EVOLUTION VASTLY
INCREASED THE SIZE OF CITIES AND THE PROPORTION OF THE POPULATION THAT
LIVES IN THEM, AND MODERN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY HAS MADE IT POSSIBLE
FOR THE ┼ARTH TO SUPPORT A FAR DENSER POPULATION THAN IT EVER DID BEFORE.
(┴LSO, TECHNOLOGY EXACERBATES THE EFFECTS OF CROWDING BECAUSE IT PUTS
INCREASED DISRUPTIVE POWERS IN PEOPLE'S HANDS. ╞OR EXAMPLE, A VARIETY OF
NOISE-MAKING DEVICES: POWER MOWERS, RADIOS, MOTORCYCLES, ETC. ╔F THE USE
OF THESE DEVICES IS UNRESTRICTED, PEOPLE WHO WANT PEACE AND QUIET ARE
FRUSTRATED BY THE NOISE. ╔F THEIR USE IS RESTRICTED, PEOPLE WHO USE THE
DEVICES ARE FRUSTRATED BY THE REGULATIONS... ┬UT IF THESE MACHINES HAD
NEVER BEEN INVENTED THERE WOULD HAVE BEEN NO CONFLICT AND NO FRUSTRATION
GENERATED BY THEM.)

049. ╞OR PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES THE NATURAL WORLD (WHICH USUALLY CHANGES
ONLY SLOWLY) PROVIDED A STABLE FRAMEWORK AND THEREFORE A SENSE OF
SECURITY. ╔N THE MODERN WORLD IT IS HUMAN SOCIETY THAT DOMINATES NATURE
RATHER THAN THE OTHER WAY AROUND, AND MODERN SOCIETY CHANGES VERY
RAPIDLY OWING TO TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE. ╘HUS THERE IS NO STABLE FRAMEWORK.

050. ╘HE CONSERVATIVES ARE FOOLS: ╘HEY WHINE ABOUT THE DECAY OF
TRADITIONAL VALUES, YET THEY ENTHUSIASTICALLY SUPPORT TECHNOLOGICAL
PROGRESS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. ┴PPARENTLY IT NEVER OCCURS TO THEM THAT
YOU CAN'T MAKE RAPID, DRASTIC CHANGES IN THE TECHNOLOGY AND THE ECONOMY
OF A SOCIETY WITHOUT CAUSING RAPID CHANGES IN ALL OTHER ASPECTS OF THE
SOCIETY AS WELL, AND THAT SUCH RAPID CHANGES INEVITABLY BREAK DOWN
TRADITIONAL VALUES.

051. ╘HE BREAKDOWN OF TRADITIONAL VALUES TO SOME EXTENT IMPLIES THE
BREAKDOWN OF THE BONDS THAT HOLD TOGETHER TRADITIONAL SMALL-SCALE
SOCIAL GROUPS. ╘HE DISINTEGRATION OF SMALL-SCALE SOCIAL GROUPS IS
ALSO PROMOTED BY THE FACT THAT MODERN CONDITIONS OFTEN REQUIRE OR
TEMPT INDIVIDUALS TO MOVE TO NEW LOCATIONS, SEPARATING THEMSELVES
FROM THEIR COMMUNITIES. ┬EYOND THAT, A TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY ╚┴╙ ╘╧
WEAKEN FAMILY TIES AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES IF IT IS TO FUNCTION
EFFICIENTLY. ╔N MODERN SOCIETY AN INDIVIDUAL'S LOYALTY MUST BE
FIRST TO THE SYSTEM AND ONLY SECONDARILY TO A SMALL-SCALE COMMUNITY,
BECAUSE IF THE INTERNAL LOYALTIES OF SMALL-SCALE COMMUNITIES WERE
STRONGER THAN LOYALTY TO THE SYSTEM, SUCH COMMUNITIES WOULD PURSUE
THEIR OWN ADVANTAGE AT THE EXPENSE OF THE SYSTEM.

052. ╙UPPOSE THAT A PUBLIC OFFICIAL OR A CORPORATE EXECUTIVE
APPOINTS HIS COUSIN, HIS FRIEND OR HIS CO-RELIGIONIST TO A POSITION
RATHER THAN APPOINTING THE PERSON BEST QUALIFIED FOR THE JOB. ╚E HAS
PERMITTED PERSONAL LOYALTY TO SUPERSEDE HIS LOYALTY TO THE SYSTEM,
AND THAT IS "NEPOTISM" OR "DISCRIMINATION", BOTH OF WHICH ARE
TERRIBLE SINS IN MODERN SOCIETY. ╫OULD-BE INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
THAT HAVE DONE A POOR JOB OF SUBORDINATING PERSONAL OR LOCAL
LOYALTIES TO LOYALTY TO THE SYSTEM ARE USUALLY VERY INEFFICIENT.
(╠OOK AT ╠ATIN ┴MERICA.) ╘HUS AN ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY CAN
TOLERATE ONLY THOSE SMALL-SCALE COMMUNITIES THAT ARE EMASCULATED,
TAMED AND MADE INTO TOOLS OF THE SYSTEM. [07]

053. ├ROWDING, RAPID CHANGE AND THE BREAKDOWN OF COMMUNITIES HAVE
BEEN WIDELY RECOGNIZED AS SOURCES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS, BUT WE DO NOT
BELIEVE THEY ARE ENOUGH TO ACCOUNT FOR THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEMS
THAT ARE SEEN TODAY.

054. ┴ FEW PRE-INDUSTRIAL CITIES WERE VERY LARGE AND CROWDED, YET
THEIR INHABITANTS DO NOT SEEM TO HAVE SUFFERED FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL
PROBLEMS TO THE SAME EXTENT AS MODERN MAN. ╔N ┴MERICA TODAY THERE
STILL ARE UNCROWDED RURAL AREAS, AND WE FIND THERE THE SAME PROBLEMS
AS IN URBAN AREAS, THOUGH THE PROBLEMS TEND TO BE LESS ACUTE IN THE
RURAL AREAS. ╘HUS CROWDING DOES NOT SEEM TO BE THE DECISIVE FACTOR.

055. ╧N THE GROWING EDGE OF THE ┴MERICAN FRONTIER DURING THE 19TH
CENTURY, THE MOBILITY OF THE POPULATION PROBABLY BROKE DOWN EXTENDED
FAMILIES AND SMALL-SCALE SOCIAL GROUPS TO AT LEAST THE SAME EXTENT
AS THESE ARE BROKEN DOWN TODAY. ╔N FACT, MANY NUCLEAR FAMILIES LIVED
BY CHOICE IN SUCH ISOLATION, HAVING NO NEIGHBORS WITHIN SEVERAL MILES,
SO THAT THEY BELONGED TO NO COMMUNITY AT ALL, YET THEY DO NOT SEEM TO
HAVE DEVELOPED PROBLEMS AS A RESULT.

056. ╞URTHERMORE, CHANGE IN ┴MERICAN FRONTIER SOCIETY WAS VERY RAPID
AND DEEP. ┴ MAN MIGHT BE BORN AND RAISED IN A LOG CABIN, OUTSIDE THE
REACH OF LAW AND ORDER AND FED LARGELY ON WILD MEAT; AND BY THE TIME HE
ARRIVED AT OLD AGE HE MIGHT BE WORKING AT A REGULAR JOB AND LIVING IN
AN ORDERED COMMUNITY WITH EFFECTIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT. ╘HIS WAS A DEEPER
CHANGE THAT THAT WHICH TYPICALLY OCCURS IN THE LIFE OF A MODERN
INDIVIDUAL, YET IT DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE LED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.
╔N FACT, 19TH CENTURY ┴MERICAN SOCIETY HAD AN OPTIMISTIC AND
SELF-CONFIDENT TONE, QUITE UNLIKE THAT OF TODAY'S SOCIETY. [08]

057. ╘HE DIFFERENCE, WE ARGUE, IS THAT MODERN MAN HAS THE SENSE
(LARGELY JUSTIFIED) THAT CHANGE IS ╔═╨╧╙┼─ ON HIM, WHEREAS THE 19TH
CENTURY FRONTIERSMAN HAD THE SENSE (ALSO LARGELY JUSTIFIED) THAT HE
CREATED CHANGE HIMSELF, BY HIS OWN CHOICE. ╘HUS A PIONEER SETTLED ON
A PIECE OF LAND OF HIS OWN CHOOSING AND MADE IT INTO A FARM THROUGH
HIS OWN EFFORT. ╔N THOSE DAYS AN ENTIRE COUNTY MIGHT HAVE ONLY A
COUPLE OF HUNDRED INHABITANTS AND WAS A FAR MORE ISOLATED AND
AUTONOMOUS ENTITY THAN A MODERN COUNTY IS. ╚ENCE THE PIONEER FARMER
PARTICIPATED AS A MEMBER OF A RELATIVELY SMALL GROUP IN THE CREATION
OF A NEW, ORDERED COMMUNITY. ╧NE MAY WELL QUESTION WHETHER THE
CREATION OF THIS COMMUNITY WAS AN IMPROVEMENT, BUT AT ANY RATE IT
SATISFIED THE PIONEER'S NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS.

058. ╔T WOULD BE POSSIBLE TO GIVE OTHER EXAMPLES OF SOCIETIES IN
WHICH THERE HAS BEEN RAPID CHANGE AND/OR LACK OF CLOSE COMMUNITY TIES
WITHOUT HE KIND OF MASSIVE BEHAVIORAL ABERRATION THAT IS SEEN IN
TODAY'S INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY. ╫E CONTEND THAT THE MOST IMPORTANT CAUSE
OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN MODERN SOCIETY IS THE FACT
THAT PEOPLE HAVE INSUFFICIENT OPPORTUNITY TO GO THROUGH THE POWER
PROCESS IN A NORMAL WAY. ╫E DON'T MEAN TO SAY THAT MODERN SOCIETY IS
THE ONLY ONE IN WHICH THE POWER PROCESS HAS BEEN DISRUPTED. ╨ROBABLY
MOST IF NOT ALL CIVILIZED SOCIETIES HAVE INTERFERED WITH THE POWER
PROCESS TO A GREATER OR LESSER EXTENT. ┬UT IN MODERN INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETY THE PROBLEM HAS BECOME PARTICULARLY ACUTE. ╠EFTISM, AT LEAST
IN ITS RECENT (MID-TO-LATE-20TH CENTURY) FORM, IS IN PART A SYMPTOM
OF DEPRIVATION WITH RESPECT TO THE POWER PROCESS.


╙ECTION 9: ─╔╙╥╒╨╘╔╧╬ ╧╞ ╘╚┼ ╨╧╫┼╥ ╨╥╧├┼╙╙ ╔╬ ═╧─┼╥╬ ╙╧├╔┼╘┘

059. ╫E DIVIDE HUMAN DRIVES INTO THREE GROUPS: (1) THOSE DRIVES THAT
CAN BE SATISFIED WITH MINIMAL EFFORT; (2) THOSE THAT CAN BE SATISFIED
BUT ONLY AT THE COST OF SERIOUS EFFORT; (3) THOSE THAT CANNOT BE
ADEQUATELY SATISFIED NO MATTER HOW MUCH EFFORT ONE MAKES. ╘HE POWER
PROCESS IS THE PROCESS OF SATISFYING THE DRIVES OF THE SECOND GROUP.
╘HE MORE DRIVES THERE ARE IN THE THIRD GROUP, THE MORE THERE IS
FRUSTRATION, ANGER, EVENTUALLY DEFEATISM, DEPRESSION, ETC.

060. ╔N MODERN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY NATURAL HUMAN DRIVES TEND TO BE
PUSHED INTO THE FIRST AND THIRD GROUPS, AND THE SECOND GROUP TENDS
TO CONSIST INCREASINGLY OF ARTIFICIALLY CREATED DRIVES.

061. ╔N PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES, PHYSICAL NECESSITIES GENERALLY FALL
INTO GROUP 2: ╘HEY CAN BE OBTAINED, BUT ONLY AT THE COST OF SERIOUS
EFFORT. ┬UT MODERN SOCIETY TENDS TO GUARANTEE THE PHYSICAL NECESSITIES
TO EVERYONE [09] IN EXCHANGE FOR ONLY MINIMAL EFFORT, HENCE PHYSICAL
NEEDS ARE PUSHED INTO GROUP 1. (╘HERE MAY BE DISAGREEMENT ABOUT WHETHER
THE EFFORT NEEDED TO HOLD A JOB IS "MINIMAL"; BUT USUALLY, IN LOWER-
TO MIDDLE-LEVEL JOBS, WHATEVER EFFORT IS REQUIRED IS MERELY THAT OF
OBEDIENCE. ┘OU SIT OR STAND WHERE YOU ARE TOLD TO SIT OR STAND AND DO
WHAT YOU ARE TOLD TO DO IN THE WAY YOU ARE TOLD TO DO IT. ╙ELDOM DO
YOU HAVE TO EXERT YOURSELF SERIOUSLY, AND IN ANY CASE YOU HAVE HARDLY
ANY AUTONOMY IN WORK, SO THAT THE NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS IS NOT
WELL SERVED.)

062. ╙OCIAL NEEDS, SUCH AS SEX, LOVE AND STATUS, OFTEN REMAIN IN GROUP
2 IN MODERN SOCIETY, DEPENDING ON THE SITUATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL.
[10] ┬UT, EXCEPT FOR PEOPLE WHO HAVE A PARTICULARLY STRONG DRIVE FOR
STATUS, THE EFFORT REQUIRED TO FULFILL THE SOCIAL DRIVES IS INSUFFICIENT
TO SATISFY ADEQUATELY THE NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS.

063. ╙O CERTAIN ARTIFICIAL NEEDS HAVE BEEN CREATED THAT FALL INTO
GROUP 2, AND HENCE SERVE THE NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS. ┴DVERTISING
AND MARKETING TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED THAT MAKE MANY PEOPLE
FEEL THEY NEED THINGS THAT THEIR GRANDPARENTS NEVER DESIRED OR EVEN
DREAMED OF. ╔T REQUIRES SERIOUS EFFORT TO EARN ENOUGH MONEY TO SATISFY
THESE ARTIFICIAL NEEDS, HENCE THEY FALL INTO GROUP 2. (┬UT SEE PARAGRAPHS
080-082.) ═ODERN MAN MUST SATISFY HIS NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS LARGELY
THROUGH PURSUIT OF THE ARTIFICIAL NEEDS CREATED BY THE ADVERTISING AND
MARKETING INDUSTRY [11], AND THROUGH SURROGATE ACTIVITIES.

064. ╔T SEEMS THAT FOR MANY PEOPLE, MAYBE THE MAJORITY, THESE
ARTIFICIAL FORMS OF THE POWER PROCESS ARE INSUFFICIENT. ┴ THEME THAT
APPEARS REPEATEDLY IN THE WRITINGS OF THE SOCIAL CRITICS OF THE
SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY IS THE SENSE OF PURPOSELESSNESS THAT
AFFLICTS MANY PEOPLE IN MODERN SOCIETY. (╘HIS PURPOSELESSNESS IS
OFTEN CALLED BY OTHER NAMES SUCH AS "ANOMIC" OR "MIDDLE-CLASS VACUITY".)
╫E SUGGEST THAT THE SO-CALLED "IDENTITY CRISIS" IS ACTUALLY A SEARCH
FOR A SENSE OF PURPOSE, OFTEN FOR COMMITMENT TO A SUITABLE SURROGATE
ACTIVITY. ╔T MAY BE THAT EXISTENTIALISM IS IN LARGE PART A RESPONSE
TO THE PURPOSELESSNESS OF MODERN LIFE. [12] ╓ERY WIDESPREAD IN MODERN
SOCIETY IS THE SEARCH FOR "FULFILLMENT". ┬UT WE THINK THAT FOR THE
MAJORITY OF PEOPLE AN ACTIVITY WHOSE MAIN GOAL IS FULFILLMENT (THAT
IS, A SURROGATE ACTIVITY) DOES NOT BRING COMPLETELY SATISFACTORY
FULFILLMENT. ╔N OTHER WORDS, IT DOES NOT FULLY SATISFY THE NEED FOR
THE POWER PROCESS. (╙EE PARAGRAPH 041.) ╘HAT NEED CAN BE FULLY SATISFIED
ONLY THROUGH ACTIVITIES THAT HAVE SOME EXTERNAL GOAL, SUCH AS PHYSICAL
NECESSITIES, SEX, LOVE, STATUS, REVENGE, ETC.

065. ═OREOVER, WHERE GOALS ARE PURSUED THROUGH EARNING MONEY, CLIMBING
THE STATUS LADDER OR FUNCTIONING AS PART OF THE SYSTEM IN SOME OTHER
WAY, MOST PEOPLE ARE NOT IN A POSITION TO PURSUE THEIR GOALS ┴╒╘╧╬╧═╧╒╙╠┘.
═OST WORKERS ARE SOMEONE ELSE'S EMPLOYEE, AS WE POINTED OUT IN PARAGRAPH
061, AND MUST SPEND THEIR DAYS DOING WHAT THEY ARE TOLD TO DO IN THE WAY
THEY ARE TOLD TO DO IT. ┼VEN MOST PEOPLE WHO ARE IN BUSINESS FOR
THEMSELVES HAVE ONLY LIMITED AUTONOMY. ╔T IS A CHRONIC COMPLAINT OF
SMALL-BUSINESS PERSONS AND ENTREPRENEURS THAT THEIR HANDS ARE TIED BY
EXCESSIVE GOVERNMENT REGULATION. ╙OME OF THESE REGULATIONS ARE DOUBTLESS
UNNECESSARY, BUT FOR THE MOST PART GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ARE ESSENTIAL
AND INEVITABLE PARTS OF OUR EXTREMELY COMPLEX SOCIETY. ┴ LARGE PORTION
OF SMALL BUSINESS TODAY OPERATES ON THE FRANCHISE SYSTEM. ╔T WAS REPORTED
IN THE ╫ALL ╙TREET ╩OURNAL A FEW YEARS AGO THAT MANY OF THE
FRANCHISE-GRANTING COMPANIES REQUIRE APPLICANTS FOR FRANCHISES TO TAKE
A PERSONALITY TEST THAT IS DESIGNED TO ┼╪├╠╒─┼ THOSE WHO HAVE CREATIVITY
AND INITIATIVE, BECAUSE SUCH PERSONS ARE NOT SUFFICIENTLY DOCILE TO GO
ALONG OBEDIENTLY WITH THE FRANCHISE SYSTEM. ╘HIS EXCLUDES FROM SMALL
BUSINESS MANY OF THE PEOPLE WHO MOST NEED AUTONOMY.

066. ╘ODAY PEOPLE LIVE MORE BY VIRTUE OF WHAT THE SYSTEM DOES ╞╧╥ THEM
OR ╘╧ THEM THAN BY VIRTUE OF WHAT THEY DO FOR THEMSELVES. ┴ND WHAT THEY
DO FOR THEMSELVES IS DONE MORE AND MORE ALONG CHANNELS LAID DOWN BY THE
SYSTEM. ╧PPORTUNITIES TEND TO BE THOSE THAT THE SYSTEM PROVIDES, THE
OPPORTUNITIES MUST BE EXPLOITED IN ACCORD WITH THE RULES AND REGULATIONS,
[13] AND TECHNIQUES PRESCRIBED BY EXPERTS MUST BE FOLLOWED IF THERE IS
TO BE A CHANCE OF SUCCESS.

067. ╘HUS THE POWER PROCESS IS DISRUPTED IN OUR SOCIETY THROUGH A
DEFICIENCY OF REAL GOALS AND A DEFICIENCY OF AUTONOMY IN PURSUIT OF
GOALS. ┬UT IT IS ALSO DISRUPTED BECAUSE OF THOSE HUMAN DRIVES THAT
FALL INTO GROUP 3: THE DRIVES THAT ONE CANNOT ADEQUATELY SATISFY NO
MATTER HOW MUCH EFFORT ONE MAKES. ╧NE OF THESE DRIVES IS THE NEED FOR
SECURITY. ╧UR LIVES DEPEND ON DECISIONS MADE BY OTHER PEOPLE; WE HAVE
NO CONTROL OVER THESE DECISIONS AND USUALLY WE DO NOT EVEN KNOW THE
PEOPLE WHO MAKE THEM. ("╫E LIVE IN A WORLD IN WHICH RELATIVELY FEW
PEOPLE -- MAYBE 500 OR 1,000 -- MAKE THE IMPORTANT DECISIONS" -- ╨HILIP
┬. ╚EYMANN OF ╚ARVARD ╠AW ╙CHOOL, QUOTED BY ┴NTHONY ╠EWIS, ╬EW ┘ORK
╘IMES, ┴PRIL 21, 1995.) ╧UR LIVES DEPEND ON WHETHER SAFETY STANDARDS
AT A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ARE PROPERLY MAINTAINED; ON HOW MUCH PESTICIDE
IS ALLOWED TO GET INTO OUR FOOD OR HOW MUCH POLLUTION INTO OUR AIR; ON
HOW SKILLFUL (OR INCOMPETENT) OUR DOCTOR IS; WHETHER WE LOSE OR GET A
JOB MAY DEPEND ON DECISIONS MADE BY GOVERNMENT ECONOMISTS OR CORPORATION
EXECUTIVES; AND SO FORTH. ═OST INDIVIDUALS ARE NOT IN A POSITION TO
SECURE THEMSELVES AGAINST THESE THREATS TO MORE THAN A VERY LIMITED
EXTENT. ╘HE INDIVIDUAL'S SEARCH FOR SECURITY IS THEREFORE FRUSTRATED,
WHICH LEADS TO A SENSE OF POWERLESSNESS.

068. ╔T MAY BE OBJECTED THAT PRIMITIVE MAN IS PHYSICALLY LESS SECURE
THAN MODERN MAN, AS IS SHOWN BY HIS SHORTER LIFE EXPECTANCY; HENCE
MODERN MAN SUFFERS FROM LESS, NOT MORE THAN THE AMOUNT OF INSECURITY
THAT IS NORMAL FOR HUMAN BEINGS. ┬UT PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY DOES NOT
CLOSELY CORRESPOND WITH PHYSICAL SECURITY. ╫HAT MAKES US ╞┼┼╠ SECURE
IS NOT SO MUCH OBJECTIVE SECURITY AS A SENSE OF CONFIDENCE IN OUR
ABILITY TO TAKE CARE OF OURSELVES. ╨RIMITIVE MAN, THREATENED BY A
FIERCE ANIMAL OR BY HUNGER, CAN FIGHT IN SELF-DEFENSE OR TRAVEL IN
SEARCH OF FOOD. ╚E HAS NO CERTAINTY OF SUCCESS IN THESE EFFORTS, BUT
HE IS BY NO MEANS HELPLESS AGAINST THE THINGS THAT THREATEN HIM. ╘HE
MODERN INDIVIDUAL ON THE OTHER HAND IS THREATENED BY MANY THINGS
AGAINST WHICH HE IS HELPLESS; NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS, CARCINOGENS IN
FOOD, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, WAR, INCREASING TAXES, INVASION OF
HIS PRIVACY BY LARGE ORGANIZATIONS, NATION-WIDE SOCIAL OR ECONOMIC
PHENOMENA THAT MAY DISRUPT HIS WAY OF LIFE.

069. ╔T IS TRUE THAT PRIMITIVE MAN IS POWERLESS AGAINST SOME OF THE
THINGS THAT THREATEN HIM; DISEASE FOR EXAMPLE. ┬UT HE CAN ACCEPT THE
RISK OF DISEASE STOICALLY. ╔T IS PART OF THE NATURE OF THINGS, IT IS NO
ONE'S FAULT, UNLESS IS THE FAULT OF SOME IMAGINARY, IMPERSONAL DEMON.
┬UT THREATS TO THE MODERN INDIVIDUAL TEND TO BE ═┴╬-═┴─┼. ╘HEY ARE
NOT THE RESULTS OF CHANCE BUT ARE ╔═╨╧╙┼─ ON HIM BY OTHER PERSONS
WHOSE DECISIONS HE, AS AN INDIVIDUAL, IS UNABLE TO INFLUENCE.
├ONSEQUENTLY HE FEELS FRUSTRATED, HUMILIATED AND ANGRY.

070. ╘HUS PRIMITIVE MAN FOR THE MOST PART HAS HIS SECURITY IN HIS OWN
HANDS (EITHER AS AN INDIVIDUAL OR AS A MEMBER OF A ╙═┴╠╠ GROUP) WHEREAS
THE SECURITY OF MODERN MAN IS IN THE HANDS OF PERSONS OR ORGANIZATIONS
THAT ARE TOO REMOTE OR TOO LARGE FOR HIM TO BE ABLE PERSONALLY TO
INFLUENCE THEM. ╙O MODERN MAN'S DRIVE FOR SECURITY TENDS TO FALL INTO
GROUPS 1 AND 3; IN SOME AREAS (FOOD, SHELTER, ETC.) HIS SECURITY IS
ASSURED AT THE COST OF ONLY TRIVIAL EFFORT, WHEREAS IN OTHER AREAS HE
├┴╬╬╧╘ ATTAIN SECURITY. (╘HE FOREGOING GREATLY SIMPLIFIES THE REAL
SITUATION, BUT IT DOES INDICATE IN A ROUGH, GENERAL WAY HOW THE
CONDITION OF MODERN MAN DIFFERS FROM THAT OF PRIMITIVE MAN.)

071. ╨EOPLE HAVE MANY TRANSITORY DRIVES OR IMPULSES THAT ARE NECESSARILY
FRUSTRATED IN MODERN LIFE, AND HENCE FALL INTO GROUP 3. ╧NE MAY BECOME
ANGRY, BUT MODERN SOCIETY CANNOT PERMIT FIGHTING. ╔N MANY SITUATIONS
IT DOES NOT EVEN PERMIT VERBAL AGGRESSION. ╫HEN GOING SOMEWHERE ONE
MAY BE IN A HURRY, OR ONE MAY BE IN A MOOD TO TRAVEL SLOWLY, BUT ONE
GENERALLY HAS NO CHOICE BUT TO MOVE WITH THE FLOW OF TRAFFIC AND OBEY
THE TRAFFIC SIGNALS. ╧NE MAY WANT TO DO ONE'S WORK IN A DIFFERENT WAY,
BUT USUALLY ONE CAN WORK ONLY ACCORDING TO THE RULES LAID DOWN BY
ONE'S EMPLOYER. ╔N MANY OTHER WAYS AS WELL, MODERN MAN IS STRAPPED
DOWN BY A NETWORK OF RULES AND REGULATIONS (EXPLICIT OR IMPLICIT)
THAT FRUSTRATE MANY OF HIS IMPULSES AND THUS INTERFERE WITH THE POWER
PROCESS. ═OST OF THESE REGULATIONS CANNOT BE DISPOSED WITH, BECAUSE
THE ARE NECESSARY FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY.

072. ═ODERN SOCIETY IS IN CERTAIN RESPECTS EXTREMELY PERMISSIVE. ╔N
MATTERS THAT ARE IRRELEVANT TO THE FUNCTIONING OF THE SYSTEM WE CAN
GENERALLY DO WHAT WE PLEASE. ╫E CAN BELIEVE IN ANY RELIGION WE LIKE
(AS LONG AS IT DOES NOT ENCOURAGE BEHAVIOR THAT IS DANGEROUS TO THE
SYSTEM). ╫E CAN GO TO BED WITH ANYONE WE LIKE (AS LONG AS WE PRACTICE
"SAFE SEX"). ╫E CAN DO ANYTHING WE LIKE AS LONG AS IT IS ╒╬╔═╨╧╥╘┴╬╘.
┬UT IN ALL ╔═╨╧╥╘┴╬╘ MATTERS THE SYSTEM TENDS INCREASINGLY TO
REGULATE OUR BEHAVIOR.

073. ┬EHAVIOR IS REGULATED NOT ONLY THROUGH EXPLICIT RULES AND NOT
ONLY BY THE GOVERNMENT. ├ONTROL IS OFTEN EXERCISED THROUGH INDIRECT
COERCION OR THROUGH PSYCHOLOGICAL PRESSURE OR MANIPULATION, AND BY
ORGANIZATIONS OTHER THAN THE GOVERNMENT, OR BY THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE.
═OST LARGE ORGANIZATIONS USE SOME FORM OF PROPAGANDA [14] TO MANIPULATE
PUBLIC ATTITUDES OR BEHAVIOR. ╨ROPAGANDA IS NOT LIMITED TO "COMMERCIALS"
AND ADVERTISEMENTS, AND SOMETIMES IT IS NOT EVEN CONSCIOUSLY INTENDED AS
PROPAGANDA BY THE PEOPLE WHO MAKE IT. ╞OR INSTANCE, THE CONTENT OF
ENTERTAINMENT PROGRAMMING IS A POWERFUL FORM OF PROPAGANDA. ┴N EXAMPLE
OF INDIRECT COERCION: ╘HERE IS NO LAW THAT SAYS WE HAVE TO GO TO WORK
EVERY DAY AND FOLLOW OUR EMPLOYER'S ORDERS. ╠EGALLY THERE IS NOTHING TO
PREVENT US FROM GOING TO LIVE IN THE WILD LIKE PRIMITIVE PEOPLE OR FROM
GOING INTO BUSINESS FOR OURSELVES. ┬UT IN PRACTICE THERE IS VERY LITTLE
WILD COUNTRY LEFT, AND THERE IS ROOM IN THE ECONOMY FOR ONLY A LIMITED
NUMBER OF SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS. ╚ENCE MOST OF US CAN SURVIVE ONLY AS
SOMEONE ELSE'S EMPLOYEE.

074. ╫E SUGGEST THAT MODERN MAN'S OBSESSION WITH LONGEVITY, AND WITH
MAINTAINING PHYSICAL VIGOR AND SEXUAL ATTRACTIVENESS TO AN ADVANCED
AGE, IS A SYMPTOM OF UNFULFILLMENT RESULTING FROM DEPRIVATION WITH
RESPECT TO THE POWER PROCESS. ╘HE "MID-LIFE CRISIS" ALSO IS SUCH A
SYMPTOM. ╙O IS THE LACK OF INTEREST IN HAVING CHILDREN, WHICH IS
FAIRLY COMMON IN MODERN SOCIETY BUT ALMOST UNHEARD-OF IN PRIMITIVE
SOCIETIES.

075. ╔N PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES LIFE IS A SUCCESSION OF STAGES. ╘HE NEEDS
AND PURPOSES OF ONE STAGE HAVING BEEN FULFILLED, THERE IS NO PARTICULAR
RELUCTANCE ABOUT PASSING ON TO THE NEXT STAGE. ┴ YOUNG MAN GOES THROUGH
THE POWER PROCESS BY BECOMING A HUNTER, HUNTING NOT FOR SPORT OR FOR
FULFILLMENT BUT TO GET MEAT THAT IS NECESSARY FOR FOOD. (╔N YOUNG WOMEN
THE PROCESS IS MORE COMPLEX, WITH GREATER EMPHASIS ON SOCIAL POWER; WE
WON'T DISCUSS THAT HERE.) ╘HIS PHASE HAVING BEEN SUCCESSFULLY PASSED
THROUGH, THE YOUNG MAN HAS NO RELUCTANCE ABOUT SETTLING DOWN TO THE
RESPONSIBILITIES OF RAISING A FAMILY. (╔N CONTRAST, SOME MODERN PEOPLE
INDEFINITELY POSTPONE HAVING CHILDREN BECAUSE THEY ARE TOO BUSY SEEKING
SOME KIND OF "FULFILLMENT". ╫E SUGGEST THAT THE FULFILLMENT THEY NEED
IS ADEQUATE EXPERIENCE OF THE POWER PROCESS -- WITH REAL GOALS INSTEAD
OF THE ARTIFICIAL GOALS OF SURROGATE ACTIVITIES.) ┴GAIN, HAVING
SUCCESSFULLY RAISED HIS CHILDREN, GOING THROUGH THE POWER PROCESS BY
PROVIDING THEM WITH THE PHYSICAL NECESSITIES, THE PRIMITIVE MAN FEELS
THAT HIS WORK IS DONE AND HE IS PREPARED TO ACCEPT OLD AGE (IF HE
SURVIVES THAT LONG) AND DEATH. ═ANY MODERN PEOPLE, ON THE OTHER HAND,
ARE DISTURBED BY THE PROSPECT OF DEATH, AS IS SHOWN BY THE AMOUNT OF
EFFORT THEY EXPEND TRYING TO MAINTAIN THEIR PHYSICAL CONDITION,
APPEARANCE AND HEALTH. ╫E ARGUE THAT THIS IS DUE TO UNFULFILLMENT
RESULTING FROM THE FACT THAT THEY HAVE NEVER PUT THEIR PHYSICAL POWERS
TO ANY USE, HAVE NEVER GONE THROUGH THE POWER PROCESS USING THEIR
BODIES IN A SERIOUS WAY. ╔T IS NOT THE PRIMITIVE MAN, WHO HAS USED HIS
BODY DAILY FOR PRACTICAL PURPOSES, WHO FEARS THE DETERIORATION OF AGE,
BUT THE MODERN MAN, WHO HAS NEVER HAD A PRACTICAL USE FOR HIS BODY
BEYOND WALKING FROM HIS CAR TO HIS HOUSE. ╔T IS THE MAN WHOSE NEED
FOR THE POWER PROCESS HAS BEEN SATISFIED DURING HIS LIFE WHO IS BEST
PREPARED TO ACCEPT THE END OF THAT LIFE.

076. ╔N RESPONSE TO THE ARGUMENTS OF THIS SECTION SOMEONE WILL SAY,
"╙OCIETY MUST FIND A WAY TO GIVE PEOPLE THE OPPORTUNITY TO GO THROUGH
THE POWER PROCESS". ╞OR SUCH PEOPLE THE VALUE OF THE OPPORTUNITY IS
DESTROYED BY THE VERY FACT THAT SOCIETY GIVES IT TO THEM. ╫HAT THEY
NEED IS TO FIND OR MAKE THEIR OWN OPPORTUNITIES. ┴S LONG AS THE SYSTEM
╟╔╓┼╙ THEM THEIR OPPORTUNITIES IT STILL HAS THEM ON A LEASH. ╘O ATTAIN
AUTONOMY THEY MUST GET OFF THAT LEASH.


╙ECTION 10: ╚╧╫ ╙╧═┼ ╨┼╧╨╠┼ ┴─╩╒╙╘

077. ╬OT EVERYONE IN INDUSTRIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY SUFFERS FROM
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. ╙OME PEOPLE EVEN PROFESS TO BE QUITE SATISFIED
WITH SOCIETY AS IT IS. ╫E NOW DISCUSS SOME OF THE REASONS WHY PEOPLE
DIFFER SO GREATLY IN THEIR RESPONSE TO MODERN SOCIETY.

078. ╞IRST, THERE DOUBTLESS ARE DIFFERENCES IN THE STRENGTH OF THE
DRIVE FOR POWER. ╔NDIVIDUALS WITH A WEAK DRIVE FOR POWER MAY HAVE
RELATIVELY LITTLE NEED TO GO THROUGH THE POWER PROCESS, OR AT LEAST
RELATIVELY LITTLE NEED FOR AUTONOMY IN THE POWER PROCESS. ╘HESE ARE
DOCILE TYPES WHO WOULD HAVE BEEN HAPPY AS PLANTATION DARKIES IN THE
╧LD ╙OUTH. (╫E DON'T MEAN TO SNEER AT "PLANTATION DARKIES" OF THE ╧LD
╙OUTH. ╘O THEIR CREDIT, MOST OF THE SLAVES WERE ╬╧╘ CONTENT WITH THEIR
SERVITUDE. ╫E DO SNEER AT PEOPLE WHO ┴╥┼ CONTENT WITH SERVITUDE.)

079. ╙OME PEOPLE MAY HAVE SOME EXCEPTIONAL DRIVE, IN PURSUING WHICH
THEY SATISFY THEIR NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS. ╞OR EXAMPLE, THOSE WHO
HAVE AN UNUSUALLY STRONG DRIVE FOR SOCIAL STATUS MAY SPEND THEIR
WHOLE LIVES CLIMBING THE STATUS LADDER WITHOUT EVER GETTING BORED
WITH THAT GAME.

080. ╨EOPLE VARY IN THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ADVERTISING AND MARKETING
TECHNIQUES. ╙OME PEOPLE ARE SO SUSCEPTIBLE THAT, EVEN IF THEY MAKE A
GREAT DEAL OF MONEY, THEY CANNOT SATISFY THEIR CONSTANT CRAVING FOR
THE SHINY NEW TOYS THAT THE MARKETING INDUSTRY DANGLES BEFORE THEIR
EYES. ╙O THEY ALWAYS FEEL HARD-PRESSED FINANCIALLY EVEN IF THEIR
INCOME IS LARGE, AND THEIR CRAVINGS ARE FRUSTRATED.

081. ╙OME PEOPLE HAVE LOW SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ADVERTISING AND MARKETING
TECHNIQUES. ╘HESE ARE THE PEOPLE WHO AREN'T INTERESTED IN MONEY.
═ATERIAL ACQUISITION DOES NOT SERVE THEIR NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS.

082. ╨EOPLE WHO HAVE MEDIUM SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ADVERTISING AND MARKETING
TECHNIQUES ARE ABLE TO EARN ENOUGH MONEY TO SATISFY THEIR CRAVING FOR
GOODS AND SERVICES, BUT ONLY AT THE COST OF SERIOUS EFFORT (PUTTING IN
OVERTIME, TAKING A SECOND JOB, EARNING PROMOTIONS, ETC.) ╘HUS MATERIAL
ACQUISITION SERVES THEIR NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS. ┬UT IT DOES NOT
NECESSARILY FOLLOW THAT THEIR NEED IS FULLY SATISFIED. ╘HEY MAY HAVE
INSUFFICIENT AUTONOMY IN THE POWER PROCESS (THEIR WORK MAY CONSIST OF
FOLLOWING ORDERS) AND SOME OF THEIR DRIVES MAY BE FRUSTRATED (E.G.,
SECURITY, AGGRESSION). (╫E ARE GUILTY OF OVERSIMPLIFICATION IN PARAGRAPHS
080-082 BECAUSE WE HAVE ASSUMED THAT THE DESIRE FOR MATERIAL ACQUISITION
IS ENTIRELY A CREATION OF THE ADVERTISING AND MARKETING INDUSTRY. ╧F
COURSE IT'S NOT THAT SIMPLE.

083. ╙OME PEOPLE PARTLY SATISFY THEIR NEED FOR POWER BY IDENTIFYING
THEMSELVES WITH A POWERFUL ORGANIZATION OR MASS MOVEMENT. ┴N INDIVIDUAL
LACKING GOALS OR POWER JOINS A MOVEMENT OR AN ORGANIZATION, ADOPTS ITS
GOALS AS HIS OWN, THEN WORKS TOWARD THESE GOALS. ╫HEN SOME OF THE GOALS
ARE ATTAINED, THE INDIVIDUAL, EVEN THOUGH HIS PERSONAL EFFORTS HAVE
PLAYED ONLY AN INSIGNIFICANT PART IN THE ATTAINMENT OF THE GOALS, FEELS
(THROUGH HIS IDENTIFICATION WITH THE MOVEMENT OR ORGANIZATION) AS IF HE
HAD GONE THROUGH THE POWER PROCESS. ╘HIS PHENOMENON WAS EXPLOITED BY THE
FASCISTS, NAZIS AND COMMUNISTS. ╧UR SOCIETY USES IT, TOO, THOUGH LESS
CRUDELY. ┼XAMPLE: ═ANUEL ╬ORIEGA WAS AN IRRITANT TO THE ╒.╙. (GOAL:
PUNISH ╬ORIEGA). ╘HE ╒.╙. INVADED ╨ANAMA (EFFORT) AND PUNISHED ╬ORIEGA
(ATTAINMENT OF GOAL). ╘HE ╒.╙. WENT THROUGH THE POWER PROCESS AND MANY
┴MERICANS, BECAUSE OF THEIR IDENTIFICATION WITH THE ╒.╙., EXPERIENCED
THE POWER PROCESS VICARIOUSLY. ╚ENCE THE WIDESPREAD PUBLIC APPROVAL OF
THE ╨ANAMA INVASION; IT GAVE PEOPLE A SENSE OF POWER. [15] ╫E SEE THE
SAME PHENOMENON IN ARMIES, CORPORATIONS, POLITICAL PARTIES, HUMANITARIAN
ORGANIZATIONS, RELIGIOUS OR IDEOLOGICAL MOVEMENTS. ╔N PARTICULAR,
LEFTIST MOVEMENTS TEND TO ATTRACT PEOPLE WHO ARE SEEKING TO SATISFY
THEIR NEED FOR POWER. ┬UT FOR MOST PEOPLE IDENTIFICATION WITH A LARGE
ORGANIZATION OR A MASS MOVEMENT DOES NOT FULLY SATISFY THE NEED FOR
POWER.

084. ┴NOTHER WAY IN WHICH PEOPLE SATISFY THEIR NEED FOR THE POWER
PROCESS IS THROUGH SURROGATE ACTIVITIES. ┴S WE EXPLAINED IN PARAGRAPHS
038-040, A SURROGATE ACTIVITY THAT IS DIRECTED TOWARD AN ARTIFICIAL
GOAL THAT THE INDIVIDUAL PURSUES FOR THE SAKE OF THE "FULFILLMENT" THAT
HE GETS FROM PURSUING THE GOAL, NOT BECAUSE HE NEEDS TO ATTAIN THE GOAL
ITSELF. ╞OR INSTANCE, THERE IS NO PRACTICAL MOTIVE FOR BUILDING ENORMOUS
MUSCLES, HITTING A LITTLE BALL INTO A HOLE OR ACQUIRING A COMPLETE SERIES
OF POSTAGE STAMPS. ┘ET MANY PEOPLE IN OUR SOCIETY DEVOTE THEMSELVES WITH
PASSION TO BODYBUILDING, GOLF OR STAMP COLLECTING. ╙OME PEOPLE ARE MORE
"OTHER-DIRECTED" THAN OTHERS, AND THEREFORE WILL MORE READILY ATTACH
IMPORTANCE TO A SURROGATE ACTIVITY SIMPLY BECAUSE THE PEOPLE AROUND
THEM TREAT IT AS IMPORTANT OR BECAUSE SOCIETY TELLS THEM IT IS IMPORTANT.
╘HAT IS WHY SOME PEOPLE GET VERY SERIOUS ABOUT ESSENTIALLY TRIVIAL
ACTIVITIES SUCH AS SPORTS, OR BRIDGE, OR CHESS, OR ARCANE SCHOLARLY
PURSUITS, WHEREAS OTHERS WHO ARE MORE CLEAR-SIGHTED NEVER SEE THESE
THINGS AS ANYTHING BUT THE SURROGATE ACTIVITIES THAT THEY ARE, AND
CONSEQUENTLY NEVER ATTACH ENOUGH IMPORTANCE TO THEM TO SATISFY THEIR
NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS IN THAT WAY. ╔T ONLY REMAINS TO POINT OUT
THAT IN MANY CASES A PERSON'S WAY OF EARNING A LIVING IS ALSO A
SURROGATE ACTIVITY. ╬OT A ╨╒╥┼ SURROGATE ACTIVITY, SINCE PART OF THE
MOTIVE FOR THE ACTIVITY IS TO GAIN THE PHYSICAL NECESSITIES AND (FOR
SOME PEOPLE) SOCIAL STATUS AND THE LUXURIES THAT ADVERTISING MAKES
THEM WANT. ┬UT MANY PEOPLE PUT INTO THEIR WORK FAR MORE EFFORT THAN IS
NECESSARY TO EARN WHATEVER MONEY AND STATUS THEY REQUIRE, AND THIS
EXTRA EFFORT CONSTITUTES A SURROGATE ACTIVITY. ╘HIS EXTRA EFFORT,
TOGETHER WITH THE EMOTIONAL INVESTMENT THAT ACCOMPANIES IT, IS ONE OF
THE MOST POTENT FORCES ACTING TOWARD THE CONTINUAL DEVELOPMENT AND
PERFECTING OF THE SYSTEM, WITH NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR INDIVIDUAL
FREEDOM (SEE PARAGRAPH 131). ┼SPECIALLY, FOR THE MOST CREATIVE
SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS, WORK TENDS TO BE LARGELY A SURROGATE
ACTIVITY. ╘HIS POINT IS SO IMPORTANT THAT IS DESERVES A SEPARATE
DISCUSSION, WHICH WE SHALL GIVE IN A MOMENT (PARAGRAPHS 087-092).

085. ╔N THIS SECTION WE HAVE EXPLAINED HOW MANY PEOPLE IN MODERN
SOCIETY DO SATISFY THEIR NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS TO A GREATER OR
LESSER EXTENT. ┬UT WE THINK THAT FOR THE MAJORITY OF PEOPLE THE NEED
FOR THE POWER PROCESS IS NOT FULLY SATISFIED. ╔N THE FIRST PLACE,
THOSE WHO HAVE AN INSATIABLE DRIVE FOR STATUS, OR WHO GET FIRMLY
"HOOKED" OR A SURROGATE ACTIVITY, OR WHO IDENTIFY STRONGLY ENOUGH
WITH A MOVEMENT OR ORGANIZATION TO SATISFY THEIR NEED FOR POWER IN
THAT WAY, ARE EXCEPTIONAL PERSONALITIES. ╧THERS ARE NOT FULLY SATISFIED
WITH SURROGATE ACTIVITIES OR BY IDENTIFICATION WITH AN ORGANIZATION
(SEE PARAGRAPHS 041, 064). ╔N THE SECOND PLACE, TOO MUCH CONTROL IS
IMPOSED BY THE SYSTEM THROUGH EXPLICIT REGULATION OR THROUGH
SOCIALIZATION, WHICH RESULTS IN A DEFICIENCY OF AUTONOMY, AND IN
FRUSTRATION DUE TO THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF ATTAINING CERTAIN GOALS AND
THE NECESSITY OF RESTRAINING TOO MANY IMPULSES.

086. ┬UT EVEN IF MOST PEOPLE IN INDUSTRIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY WERE
WELL SATISFIED, WE (THE ╞├) WOULD STILL BE OPPOSED TO THAT FORM OF
SOCIETY, BECAUSE (AMONG OTHER REASONS) WE CONSIDER IT DEMEANING TO
FULFILL ONE'S NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS THROUGH SURROGATE ACTIVITIES
OR THROUGH IDENTIFICATION WITH AN ORGANIZATION, RATHER THEN THROUGH
PURSUIT OF REAL GOALS.


╙ECTION 11: ╘╚┼ ═╧╘╔╓┼╙ ╧╞ ╙├╔┼╬╘╔╙╘╙

087. ╙CIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROVIDE THE MOST IMPORTANT EXAMPLES OF
SURROGATE ACTIVITIES. ╙OME SCIENTISTS CLAIM THAT THEY ARE MOTIVATED
BY "CURIOSITY"; THAT NOTION IS SIMPLY ABSURD. ═OST SCIENTISTS WORK
ON HIGHLY SPECIALIZED PROBLEMS THAT ARE NOT THE OBJECT OF ANY NORMAL
CURIOSITY. ╞OR EXAMPLE, IS AN ASTRONOMER, A MATHEMATICIAN OR AN
ENTOMOLOGIST CURIOUS ABOUT THE PROPERTIES OF ISOPROPYLTRIMETHYLMETHANE?
╧F COURSE NOT. ╧NLY A CHEMIST IS CURIOUS ABOUT SUCH A THING, AND HE IS
CURIOUS ABOUT IT ONLY BECAUSE CHEMISTRY IS HIS SURROGATE ACTIVITY.
╔S THE CHEMIST CURIOUS ABOUT THE APPROPRIATE CLASSIFICATION OF A NEW
SPECIES OF BEETLE? ╬O. ╘HAT QUESTION IS OF INTEREST ONLY TO THE
ENTOMOLOGIST, AND HE IS INTERESTED IN IT ONLY BECAUSE ENTOMOLOGY IS HIS
SURROGATE ACTIVITY. ╔F THE CHEMIST AND THE ENTOMOLOGIST HAD TO EXERT
THEMSELVES SERIOUSLY TO OBTAIN THE PHYSICAL NECESSITIES, AND IF THAT
EFFORT EXERCISED THEIR ABILITIES IN AN INTERESTING WAY BUT IN SOME
NONSCIENTIFIC PURSUIT, THEN THEY WOULDN'T GIVER A DAMN ABOUT
ISOPROPYLTRIMETHYLMETHANE OR THE CLASSIFICATION OF BEETLES. ╙UPPOSE
THAT LACK OF FUNDS FOR POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION HAD LED THE CHEMIST TO
BECOME AN INSURANCE BROKER INSTEAD OF A CHEMIST. ╔N THAT CASE HE WOULD
HAVE BEEN VERY INTERESTED IN INSURANCE MATTERS BUT WOULD HAVE CARED
NOTHING ABOUT ISOPROPYLTRIMETHYLMETHANE. ╔N ANY CASE IT IS NOT NORMAL
TO PUT INTO THE SATISFACTION OF MERE CURIOSITY THE AMOUNT OF TIME AND
EFFORT THAT SCIENTISTS PUT INTO THEIR WORK. ╘HE "CURIOSITY" EXPLANATION
FOR THE SCIENTISTS' MOTIVE JUST DOESN'T STAND UP.

>>>>> ├ONTINUED IN ╨ART ╘HREE <<<<<